The best actors are true chameleons, seamlessly transitioning from character to character. They can disappear into unique individuals and believably communicate many emotions and experiences. So, how do they do it? Acting is not all raw talent. Good technique is vital, and there are multiple methods to choose from. In fact, there are lots of options!
From the dramatic intensity of method acting to the spontaneity of improvisation, each acting style offers a unique approach to bringing a character to life. Understanding these styles- even the ones you don't want to use- can enrich your appreciation of the art form and, more importantly, make you a more competent and well-rounded actor.
Understanding the Types of Acting
Acting requires skill, creativity, and a solid understanding of the craft's varied techniques. The following subsections explore prominent acting methodologies that have influenced performers worldwide.
Stanislavski's System
Stanislavski's System, devised by Konstantin Stanislavski of the Moscow Art Theatre, forms the base of most modern acting methods. Konstantin was the first to push naturalistic acting instead of melodrama. His system involves meticulously analyzing the character's emotions, actions, and motives. This encourages actors to experience their roles rather than merely portray them, producing a profoundly emotive performance. Stanislavski also emphasized his concept of "the magic if" - he wanted actors to imagine themselves in the situation of their role. How would you respond? What would you do?
The Method Approach
Method acting, initially developed by Lee Strasberg, is an evolution of Stanislavski's work. The going method means focusing on the psychological aspects of a role. It often involves intense introspection, use of sense memory, and full immersion into the character's circumstances. This technique can be incredibly demanding—and controversial at times—as it requires a substantial emotional commitment. The method hinges upon emotional recall, where you use your memories and experiences to aid in portraying your character.
The Meisner Technique
The Meisner Technique emphasizes instinctive reactions and improvisation. Sanford Meisner wanted actors to get out of their heads! He thought too much internal focus stifled a scene's potential and made everything too much about the actor. Instead, he sought a connection between actors and emphasized an interconnected series of training exercises built upon one another. Meisner's acting technique drills involve frequent repetition and responsiveness, aiming for the most stripped-back, honest portrayal of the character's circumstance.
Stella Adler
Stella Adler disagreed with using one's own experiences to fuel a character's emotions. Her technique believes in the actor's creative abilities and imagination. If an actor feels too out of their element for a performance, they should thoroughly research and educate themselves as needed. Adler always said, "In your choices lie your talent," and she wanted strong ones. She thought the worst thing an actor could be was boring.
Uta Hagen
Uta Hagen advocated for realistic over formal acting. Her training exercises include rigorous observations of mundane, everyday life. This is how she trains actors to forget about the conventions of the theatre—the missing fourth wall, the audience, etc. Her method highlights research and details. She thought the best performances come from specificity, authenticity, and preparation.
Classical Acting
Unlike the other techniques discussed, classical acting has its roots in Shakespeare (and even melodrama, to an extent). Actors focus on the plays’ scripted elements. Unlike the emotional and psychological investments in modern approaches, this method focuses on technique, articulate delivery, and controlled dramatic gestures. Classical Acting places a significant emphasis on text interpretation and inner motive, highlighting an actor's technical precision.
There are even more options when it comes to your acting process, such as:
- Practical Aesthetics acting technique
- Viewpoints
- Grotowski
- Chekhov acting technique
You'll find all sorts of ways to portray your character on stage and in film, but which way is best? That depends on various factors. Let's look at those now!
